The expression of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) appears to play a strong role in the establishment and progression of glial tumors. In particular, elevated expression of TGF-β2 appears to be responsible for the impaired cell-mediated immunity often observed in patients with a glioblastoma. This study examined the regulation of the TGF-β2 at the transcriptional level in the U87MG glioblastoma cell line. We demonstrate that a cAMP response element/activating transcription factor (CRE/ATF) site and an E-box motif located just upstream of the transcription start site are essential for the transcription of the TGF-β2 gene in U87MG cells. Gel mobility analysis determined that activating transcription factor-1, and possibly cAMP-responsive element binding protein, binds to the CRE/ATF site, and upsteam stimulatory factor (USF) 1 and USF2 bind to the E-box motif. Interestingly, expression of a dominant negative USF protein down-regulates TGF-β2 activity by 80–95% in glioblastoma cells. We conclude that the binding of transcription factors, in particular the USF proteins, to the TGF-β2 promoter is essential for its expression and possibly its up-regulation in glioblastomas.
How to translate text using browser tools
1 November 2001
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-β2 GENE IN GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS
MICHELLE KINGSLEY-KALLESEN,
TROY A. LUSTER,
ANGIE RIZZINO
ACCESS THE FULL ARTICLE
It is not available for individual sale.
This article is only available to subscribers.
It is not available for individual sale.
It is not available for individual sale.
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal
Vol. 37 • No. 10
November 2001
Vol. 37 • No. 10
November 2001
ATF-1
CRE/ATF
CREB
E-box
U87MG
USF